Production of Platform Chemicals from Sustainable Resources by Zhen Fang Richard L. Smith Jr. & Xinhua Qi

Author:Zhen Fang, Richard L. Smith, Jr. & Xinhua Qi
Language: eng
Format: epub
Publisher: Springer Singapore, Singapore

8.2 Upstream Processing

In spite of many benefits and the growing attention to biotechnology, common commercial routines in biorefinery processes are constrained by time and cost. Various methods and tools are essential to the natural or engineered strains required in which scientists and engineers to develop effective production processes.

8.2.1 Microbial Producers

Most prokaryotic and eukaryotic microorganisms produce succinic, malic, and fumaric acids as naturally major metabolic intermediates as shown in Fig. 8.2. Different kinds of genetic changes and modification have been made to wild type microorganisms, and many engineered strains have been retained in the current 1,4-diacid production in bioreactors. Host strain engineering research is carried out with the following objectives: (1) to decrease by-products , (2) to improve both redox availability and energy efficiency , (3) to recognize the blocks to the target formation through diagnostic research.

Fig. 8.2Anaplerotic pathways that produce succinic, fumaric, and malic acids from glucose

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